China is owed USD 82.2 bn by 46 African governments at the end of 2024, 1.9 times what the other six are owed together (USD 43.0 bn).
USD 82.2 bn
owed to China by 46 governments at the end of 2024; the largest of the seven creditors in 38 countries
USD 136.2 bn
committed by United States to African recipients over 2018–2024, the most of the 5 OECD reporters, across 53 countries
28%
of Germany's aid builds something, the largest share; United States's is 9%
53%
of Turkey's aid goes to three countries, the most concentrated; United States is the most spread, 23%
Among the 5 lenders that report their aid to the OECD, United States committed the most to African recipients over 2018–2024, USD 136.2 bn in 53 countries, 94% of it as grants; Turkey the least, USD 0.73 bn, 35% of it to Somalia.
The strategies differ more than the sums. Germany puts the largest share of its aid into things that get built, 28%; United States the smallest, 9%. Turkey is the most concentrated, with 53% of its aid in three countries, led by Somalia; United States spreads widest, 23%. China's USD 222 bn of infrastructure commitments over 2000–2023, 96% of them loans, sit beside the others on their own scale; Russia reports no aid at all, so it appears only where debt is counted. Pick lenders, a region or a country, a year and a measure below: every map, chart and table follows.
World Bank International Debt Statistics to 2024 (release of 3 Dec 2025) · OECD CRS 2018–2024, DAC2a to 2024, FDI positions to 2024 · AidData 2000–2023 · packs fetched 14 Oct 2026 · no creditor data for Libya, Namibia, Seychelles, South Sudan
ChinaUSD 82.2 bnEuropean UnionUSD 13.8 bnGermanyUSD 13.6 bnUnited StatesUSD 6.8 bnRussiaUSD 4.5 bnItalyUSD 3.7 bnTurkeyUSD 0.6 bn38 of 49governments owe China more than any of the other six lenders at the end of 2024. Each map shades a country by what it owes one lender, on one scale for all seven.Under USD 0.1 bn0.1–1 bn1–10 bn10 bn or more
Where the money goes
One small map per lender, the same measure on each. With share of the lender's total, the darkest country on every map is that lender's largest counterpart, so the maps compare priorities; with USD, one scale, they compare size, and a small lender's map goes pale. Switch to who leads where to colour each country by the lender with the largest figure there.