European Union
The European Union's own institutions publish their records, and the map already draws them. The European Commission's contracts and financing decisions and the European Investment Bank's operations come from the institutions' IATI files: 2,008 infrastructure records in the map's EU finance layer, EUR 26.9 bn committed, 1,811 of them the Commission's and 197 the Bank's. Behind the layer sits the OECD record of the EU institutions as an aid provider: 22,114 activities with an African recipient for 2018–2024, USD 66.04 bn committed, Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco first.
What is not here is as telling: the member states' own agencies (AFD, KfW, Enabel, the Italian agency) are national and sit on their own pages, the EFSD+ guarantees that carry Global Gateway have no commitment transaction and leave no record, and the Union reports no investment stock because it is not an investor. The debt side is the Bank's: USD 11.6 bn owed to the EIB by 40 governments at the end of 2024, and USD 2.25 bn owed to the EU budget and the European Development Fund, almost all of it Tunisia's and Egypt's macro-financial assistance.
EU finance layer from the Commission's (DG INTPA, DG NEAR) and the EIB's IATI files, as the map draws them · OECD CRS activities 2018–2024 and DAC2a net ODA 2010–2024 for the EU institutions (OECD code 4EU001), fetched 14 Oct 2026 · World Bank International Debt Statistics to 2024, release of 3 Dec 2025
- 2,008
- EU infrastructure records in the map's layer: 1,674 Commission contracts, 137 decisions, 197 EIB operations; EUR 26.9 bn
- 22,114
- aid activities of the EU institutions in Africa, 2018–2024: USD 66.04 bn committed, 229 loans
- USD 11.6 bn
- owed to the European Investment Bank by 40 governments at the end of 2024, Egypt first
- USD 2.25 bn
- owed to the EU budget, the EDF and the former EEC by 15 governments; net ODA to Africa USD 5,543 m in 2024
Where it is on record
The layer's commitments are summed at each country's interior point and sized; the 150 largest records are drawn as stars where the map places them, in its status colours, with every one of the 2,008 on the main map. The map's three placement tiers apply: a named place (631 records), the country's point (1,044) and the Commission's Africa-wide point in Chad for regional programmes (333). Debt owed to the EIB is off until switched on.
The layer and the aid record overlap by design: the Commission's infrastructure contracts are a subset of what it reports to the OECD, and the EIB's operations are the Bank's own. The layer is what can be placed; the OECD record is everything the institutions spent. The two are shown side by side and never added.
Layer commitments by start year
USD million, EUR converted at the stated rate; Commission contracts and decisions and EIB operations in the map's layer, from 2010.
Layer commitments by sector
USD million with the number of records, the map's sector buckets from the DAC purpose codes.
Aid activities per year
EU institutions' CRS records with an African recipient, 2018–2024, count.
Aid commitments per year
USD million, current prices, the same records.
Net ODA from the EU institutions to Africa, 2010–2024
USD million, current prices, OECD DAC2a.
Who owes the EIB now
Stock at the end of 2024, USD million.
Where the aid goes, by purpose
Top purpose codes by USD committed, 2018–2024.
Top recipient countries
USD million committed, 2018–2024.
Who reports the EU institutions' aid
Activities 2018–2024 by reporting institution.
The map's EU finance layer: the institutions' own records
The Commission publishes two levels in one IATI file, financing decisions (the whole envelope) and the contracts under them; the layer keeps one record per contract and a decision only where none of its contracts is in the set, so a pipeline action is one announced record and no euro is counted twice. The EIB publishes one global file with no locations at all, which is why its operations sit at the country's interior point. The same infrastructure filter applies as for the African Development Bank and the World Bank: the DAC codes for transport, energy, communications, water, industry and trade. By money the layer's largest sector is transport, USD 8.85 bn; the Commission's part is USD 14.2 bn and the Bank's USD 15.9 bn.
| Start | Where | EUR m | Record · institution · implementer | Sector | Status | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Egypt | 600.0 | Urban Transport Infrastructure Framework Egypt- A European Investment Bank · operation · Arab Republic Of Egypt | Transport | Under construction | record |
| 2021 | Egypt | 528.0 | Urban Transport Infrastructure Framework Egypt B European Investment Bank · operation · Arab Republic Of Egypt | Transport | Under construction | record |
| 2019 | Egypt | 350.0 | Cairo Metro Line 1 Upgrading And Renovation European Investment Bank · operation · Arab Republic Of Egypt | Transport | Under construction | record |
| 2024 | South Africa | 350.0 | Jet-P South Africa Transnet Decarbonisation Fl European Investment Bank · operation · Transnet Soc Ltd | Transport | Under construction | record |
| 2012 | regional | 329.0 | Additional Contribution Certificate to the EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund (ITF) in support of the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) initiative. European Commission · contract · European Investment Bank | Energy | Under construction | XI-IATI-EC_INTPA-2012-PCC-309391 |
| 2018 | Morocco | 268.0 | Noor Midelt - Tranche B European Investment Bank · operation · Moroccan Agency For Sustainable Energy | Energy | Under construction | record |
| 2020 | Nigeria | 250.0 | Nigeria Digital Id European Investment Bank · operation · Federal Republic Of Nigeria | Ict | Under construction | record |
| 2014 | Tunisia | 230.0 | Omv South Tunisian Gas European Investment Bank · operation · Omv Ag | Industry | record | |
| 2024 | Morocco | 230.0 | Morocco Post-Earthquake Reconstruction European Investment Bank · operation · Royaume Du Maroc | Transport | Under construction | record |
| 2022 | Egypt | 221.0 | Tanta-El Mansoura-Damietta Railway Upgrading European Investment Bank · operation · Arab Republic Of Egypt | Transport | Under construction | record |
| 2018 | Egypt | 213.9 | Kitchener Drain European Investment Bank · operation · Arab Republic Of Egypt | Water | Under construction | record |
| 2024 | Tunisia | 210.0 | Corridor Sfax - Kasserine European Investment Bank · operation · Republique Tunisienne | Transport | Under construction | record |
| 2014 | Egypt | 205.0 | El Shabab Power Plant European Investment Bank · operation · Arab Republic Of Egypt | Energy | record | |
| 2015 | Egypt | 200.0 | Cairo Metro Line 3 Phase 3 - B European Investment Bank · operation · Arab Republic Of Egypt | Transport | record | |
| 2016 | Egypt | 200.0 | Cairo Metro Line 3 (Phase 3) - C European Investment Bank · operation · Arab Republic Of Egypt | Transport | record | |
| 2022 | Morocco | 200.0 | Oncf Rehabilitation Ferroviaire A European Investment Bank · operation · Office National Des Chemins De Fer | Transport | Under construction | record |
| 2022 | South Africa | 200.0 | Dbsa Egip Facility European Investment Bank · operation · Development Bank Of Southern Africa | Energy | Under construction | record |
| 2024 | South Africa | 200.0 | Frb Climate Action Facility European Investment Bank · operation · Firstrand Bank Ltd | Energy | Under construction | record |
| 2020 | Nigeria | 175.0 | Nigeria Climate Adaptation - Erosion And Watershed European Investment Bank · operation · Federal Republic Of Nigeria | Water | Under construction | record |
| 2021 | Guinea | 170.0 | Interconnexion Electrique 225 Kv Guinee-Mali B European Investment Bank · operation · Republique De Guinee | Energy | Under construction | record |
Aid activities: OECD Creditor Reporting System
The OECD counts the Commission and the EIB together as "EU institutions", a provider in its own right beside the member states. 61% of the activities are reported by the European Commission. The largest purpose is Formal sector financial intermediaries, USD 7,739 m; Egypt received the most, USD 9,949 m. 229 records are loans, the EIB's; 97% are grants.
The descriptions often name a town or a district (5,571 records mention one), but the CRS carries no coordinates, so the aid is drawn at country points here; the placed records are the ones in the layer above.
| Year | Recipient | USD m | Purpose | Title · description | CRS id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Egypt | 1,081.55 | General budget support-related aid 51010 | MFA - Egypt - 1bn COUNCIL DECISION (EU) 2024/1144 - (27-12-2024) | 2024902854 |
| 2021 | Egypt | 946.07 | Formal sector financial intermediaries 24030 | NBE LOAN FOR SMES AND MIDCAPS COVID-19 Loan for SMEs and MidCaps in response to COVID-19 crisis affecting private businesses. | 2021392046142 |
| 2018 | Egypt | 857.83 | Banking and financial services 240 | Semi-aggregates | 17498506 |
| 2023 | Egypt | 648.79 | Rail transport 21030 | URBAN TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE FRAMEWORK EGYPT- A Framework loan to cover urban rail schemes in Egypt-s cities, in particular investments in the rehabilitation and expansion of metro and tram systems in Alexandria and Cairo. | 2023392103142 |
| 2023 | Egypt | 616.35 | Banking and financial services 240 | Semi-aggregates | 21915040 |
| 2021 | Africa unspecified | 591.30 | Basic health 122 | Semi-aggregates | 19966432 |
| 2020 | Egypt | 569.80 | Formal sector financial intermediaries 24030 | BANQUE MISR LOAN FOR SMES AND MIDCAPS II Loan for SMEs and MidCaps to support private sector development through eligible sectors of Egyptian economy. | 2020900962 |
| 2024 | Eastern Africa unspecified | 516.75 | Material relief assistance and services 72010 | HUMANITARIAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN (HIP) GREATER HORN OF AFRICA 2024 | 2024901197 |
| 2021 | Egypt | 502.60 | Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) development 32130 | BANQUE MISR COVID 19 LOAN FOR SMES AND MIDCAPS Loan for SMEs and Mid-Caps in response to COVID-19 crisis impact affecting private businesses. | 2021392044142 |
| 2023 | Eastern Africa unspecified | 467.58 | Emergency food assistance 72040 | HUMANITARIAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN (HIP) 2023 GREATER HORN OF AFRICA | 2023902981 |
| 2019 | Egypt | 419.79 | Formal sector financial intermediaries 24030 | NBE LOAN FOR SMES AND MIDCAPS B Loan for SMEs and MidCaps to support small and medium scale projects in Egypt | 2019001743 |
| 2021 | Egypt | 384.34 | Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) development 32130 | BANQUE MISR COVID 19 LOAN FOR SMES AND MIDCAPS B Loan for SMEs and Mid-Caps in response to COVID-19 crisis impact affecting private businesses. | 2021393010142 |
| 2024 | Egypt | 378.54 | Rail transport 21030 | CAIRO METRO LINE 1 UPGRADING AND RENOVATION The project consists of the rehabilitation of metro line 1 of the Cairo metro network. The rehabilitation includes the upgrading of the signalling system, the telecommunications system, the electromechanical system, the … | 2024387184142 |
| 2021 | Sub-Saharan Africa unspecified | 354.78 | Energy generation, renewable sources - multiple technologies 23210 | Investments on regional infrastructures Development of resilient continental/inter-regional infrastructure for transport multimodal networks, energy networks and digital networks via blended finance, feasibility studies and support to Sub-Saharan African Trans… | 2021000370 |
| 2021 | Tunisia | 354.78 | General budget support-related aid 51010 | Back to back bond issue to Tunisia | 2021901830 |
Records that build something
Purpose codes for transport, energy, water and the facility codes of health and education, plus titles that mention building, renovating or drilling: 3,581 records, USD 16,273 m, over the seven years.
| Year | Recipient | USD m | Purpose | Title · description | CRS id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | Egypt | 648.79 | Rail transport 21030 | URBAN TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE FRAMEWORK EGYPT- A Framework loan to cover urban rail schemes in Egypt-s cities, in particular investments in the rehabilitation and expansion of metro and tram systems in Alexandria and Cairo. | 2023392103142 |
| 2024 | Egypt | 378.54 | Rail transport 21030 | CAIRO METRO LINE 1 UPGRADING AND RENOVATION The project consists of the rehabilitation of metro line 1 of the Cairo metro network. The rehabilitation includes the upgrading of the signalling system, the telecommunications system, the electromechanical system, the … | 2024387184142 |
| 2021 | Sub-Saharan Africa unspecified | 354.78 | Energy generation, renewable sources - multiple technologies 23210 | Investments on regional infrastructures Development of resilient continental/inter-regional infrastructure for transport multimodal networks, energy networks and digital networks via blended finance, feasibility studies and support to Sub-Saharan African Trans… | 2021000370 |
| 2024 | Egypt | 239.02 | Rail transport 21030 | TANTA-EL MANSOURA-DAMIETTA RAILWAY UPGRADING The project will finance the upgrading of the 119 km Tanta-El Mansoura-Damietta railway line. The project scope includes the upgrading of the double-track section Tanta-El Mansoura (54 km), the doubling of the single-tra… | 2024390359142 |
| 2024 | Egypt | 231.34 | Water supply and sanitation - large systems 14020 | KITCHENER DRAIN The project concerns the depollution of the Kitchener Drain in the Nile Delta Region in Egypt through investments in domestic wastewater collection and treatment, solid waste management and rehabilitation of the drain in… | 2024387454142 |
| 2020 | Morocco | 227.92 | COVID-19 control 12264 | MAROC COVID-19 PUBLIC HEALTHCARE LOAN The project consists of financing of eligible costs incurred by the government of Morocco in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes acquisition of medical equipment, medical supplies, drugs and logistics, as we… | 2020900988 |
| 2019 | Egypt | 223.89 | Rail transport 21030 | CAIRO METRO LINE 3 PHASE 3 - B Extension of Line 3 (Phase 3) of the Cairo Metro with 17.7 km to serve the main transportation corridors of urban greater Cairo. | 2019001724 |
| 2019 | Morocco | 223.89 | Wind energy 23240 | ONEE - PROJET EOLIEN Ce projet concerne le développement de trois parcs éoliens dans le cadre de la phase II du Programme Eolien Intégré de l'ONEE sur les sites de Tanger II (150 MW), Midelt (100 MW) et Jbel Lahdid (Essaouira - 200 MW). | 2019001736 |
| 2024 | South Africa | 216.31 | Energy generation, renewable sources - multiple technologies 23210 | Aggregated PSI operations / Opérations ISP agrégées | 2024993027 |
| 2022 | Egypt | 210.33 | Rail transport 21030 | CAIRO METRO LINE 3 (PHASE 3) - C Extension of Line 3 (Phase 3) of the Cairo Metro with 17.7 km to serve the main transportation corridors of urban greater Cairo. | 2022382287142 |
| 2022 | Sub-Saharan Africa unspecified | 202.25 | Facilitation of orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility 15190 | Flexible Mechanism The aim of the proposed intervention ¿ the Flexible Mechanism, hereinafter ¿the Mechanism¿ ¿ is to maximise EU leverage in migration discussions vis-à-vis Sub-Saharan African counterparts, based on a flexible and incenti… | 2022600287 |
| 2021 | Africa unspecified | 190.56 | Energy generation, renewable sources - multiple technologies 23210 | Provisioning to the Common Provisioning Fund, compartment for the European Fund for Sustainable Development Plus. Provisioning for the CPF EFSD+ | 2021000471 |
Country-year series: net aid and debt
Two official series describe EU money one country and one year at a time. The DAC2a table gives the institutions' net ODA by recipient. The World Bank's debt statistics give what each government owes the European Investment Bank, which lends on its own balance sheet, and, separately, what it owes the EU budget and the European Development Fund, which is the macro-financial assistance loans and the few EDF special loans still outstanding. There is no investment-stock series: the Union is not an investor and the member states' stocks are on their own pages.
Net ODA by recipient
Over 2010–2024 the EU institutions' net ODA to Africa came to USD 96.10 bn; Morocco received the most.
| Recipient | 2024 | 2010–2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Morocco | 92.30 | 6,291.4 |
| Egypt | -39.98 | 5,521.0 |
| Tunisia | 458.98 | 5,055.5 |
| DR Congo | 249.95 | 3,608.9 |
| Ethiopia | 157.02 | 3,177.5 |
| Somalia | 219.62 | 2,858.9 |
| Niger | 57.58 | 2,842.2 |
| Mali | 119.81 | 2,634.0 |
| Burkina Faso | 101.62 | 2,356.1 |
| Nigeria | 144.10 | 2,215.0 |
| Kenya | 105.92 | 2,158.3 |
| Sudan | 151.44 | 2,086.4 |
| Chad | 143.04 | 1,976.7 |
| Uganda | 80.12 | 1,846.8 |
| Tanzania | 102.80 | 1,822.9 |
| South Sudan | 119.28 | 1,718.6 |
Debt owed to the EIB and to the EU
| Debtor | Owed to the EIB | Year | Owed to the EU budget, EDF and EEC | Year | Peak (the EIB) | Peak year | Largest annual disbursement (the EIB) | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Egypt | 4,121 | 2024 | 1,039 | 2024 | 5,073 | 2021 | 2,207 | 2021 |
| Morocco | 2,908 | 2024 | 0 | 2024 | 3,500 | 2020 | 506 | 2014 |
| Tunisia | 1,457 | 2024 | 1,143 | 2024 | 2,756 | 2013 | 428 | 2010 |
| Senegal | 352 | 2024 | 0 | 2015 | 357 | 2023 | 101 | 2018 |
| Zambia | 240 | 2024 | 108 | 2000 | 240 | 2024 | 50 | 2024 |
| Madagascar | 274 | 2024 | 15 | 2006 | 301 | 2023 | 83 | 2020 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 134 | 2024 | 64 | 2003 | 145 | 2023 | 40 | 2020 |
| Kenya | 189 | 2024 | 6 | 2024 | 303 | 2005 | 85 | 2014 |
| DR Congo | 34 | 2024 | 159 | 2010 | 281 | 2011 | 60 | 2015 |
| South Africa | 178 | 2024 | – | – | 178 | 2024 | 73 | 2023 |
| Ethiopia | 168 | 2024 | 9 | 2009 | 186 | 2023 | 51 | 2020 |
| Malawi | 156 | 2024 | 0 | 2020 | 166 | 2023 | 61 | 2023 |
| Zimbabwe | 132 | 2024 | 17 | 2024 | 187 | 2007 | 51 | 1995 |
| Tanzania | 124 | 2024 | 17 | 2005 | 124 | 2024 | 26 | 2014 |
| Benin | 137 | 2024 | 2 | 2013 | 137 | 2024 | 72 | 2024 |
| Guinea | 133 | 2024 | 1 | 2024 | 133 | 2024 | 51 | 2024 |
| Burundi | 72 | 2024 | 36 | 2010 | 77 | 2023 | 27 | 2021 |
| Uganda | 92 | 2024 | 11 | 2000 | 140 | 2020 | 46 | 2003 |
| Mali | 75 | 2024 | 17 | 2010 | 75 | 2024 | 16 | 2022 |
| Sudan | 44 | 2024 | 27 | 1999 | 77 | 2007 | 2 | 1980 |
| Mozambique | 70 | 2024 | – | – | 131 | 2013 | 54 | 2011 |
| Lesotho | 63 | 2024 | 3 | 2000 | 132 | 2017 | 39 | 2015 |
| Sierra Leone | 55 | 2024 | 2 | 2024 | 85 | 2020 | 44 | 2017 |
| The Gambia | 54 | 2024 | 2 | 2007 | 54 | 2024 | 24 | 2023 |
| Burkina Faso | 45 | 2024 | 0 | 2009 | 45 | 2024 | 25 | 2024 |
| Ghana | 39 | 2024 | 0 | 2019 | 132 | 2009 | 60 | 2009 |
| Liberia | 36 | 2024 | 1 | 2009 | 60 | 2017 | 29 | 2014 |
| Togo | 13 | 2024 | 24 | 2010 | 17 | 1995 | 13 | 2020 |
| Niger | 31 | 2024 | 6 | 2006 | 34 | 2023 | 22 | 1993 |
| Eswatini | 34 | 2024 | 0 | 2024 | 40 | 2007 | 22 | 2021 |
| Nigeria | 4 | 2002 | 27 | 2024 | 87 | 1987 | 22 | 1987 |
| Cameroon | 24 | 2024 | 5 | 2024 | 107 | 1990 | 38 | 2014 |
| Cabo Verde | 27 | 2024 | – | – | 54 | 2017 | 24 | 2016 |
| Rwanda | 20 | 2024 | 1 | 2024 | 20 | 2024 | 21 | 2024 |
| Mauritania | 17 | 2024 | 0 | 2011 | 152 | 2013 | 55 | 2012 |
| Chad | 16 | 2024 | 0 | 2014 | 21 | 2013 | 16 | 2023 |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | 12 | 2024 | – | – | 13 | 2023 | 13 | 2023 |
| Botswana | 4 | 2014 | 2 | 2024 | 76 | 2003 | 8 | 1995 |
| Mauritius | 2 | 2023 | 3 | 2024 | 59 | 2013 | 19 | 2012 |
| Angola | 4 | 2024 | – | – | 4 | 2023 | 3 | 2022 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 3 | 2010 | 0 | 2010 | 9 | 1991 | 4 | 1991 |
| Gabon | 2 | 2024 | 1 | 2024 | 42 | 1987 | 12 | 1985 |
| Republic of the Congo | 0 | 2024 | 2 | 2024 | 148 | 1987 | 94 | 1983 |
| Comoros | 0 | 1986 | 2 | 2012 | 0 | 1981 | 0 | 1980 |
| Algeria | 1 | 2010 | 0 | 2005 | 1,231 | 2004 | 329 | 1991 |
| Djibouti | 0 | 2024 | 0 | 2001 | 4 | 2003 | 1 | 1980 |
| Somalia | – | – | 0 | 2023 | – | – | – | – |
| Central African Republic | – | – | 0 | 2018 | – | – | – | – |
| Eritrea | 0 | 2013 | – | – | 7 | 2003 | 3 | 1999 |
World Bank International Debt Statistics; all public and publicly guaranteed debt to each creditor (the Bank files the EIB as a multilateral creditor). Sovereign and sovereign-guaranteed borrowing only; the EIB's lending to private borrowers and to countries that do not report to the Debtor Reporting System is outside the series.
How to read this page
- One record is
- In the layer table, one Commission contract or financing decision, or one EIB operation, as the map carries it. In the aid tables, one CRS activity as the EU institutions report it. In the series, one country and one year.
- Status
- Layer records use the map's mapping of IATI activity status: 1 announced, 2 under construction, 3 and 4 operating, 5 and 6 stalled; a Commission financing decision still in the pipeline is an announced record. Aid activities have no status.
- Money
- Layer amounts are the institutions' euros, converted at the rate the map states and never added to the other lenders. CRS commitments and disbursements are in current US dollars as reported. Net ODA is current prices. Debt is the World Bank's stock in current dollars. None is added to another.
- Location
- The layer's three tiers, stated on every card: a named place, the country's interior point, or the Commission's Africa-wide point in Chad for regional programmes. Aid and the series are drawn at the country's interior point.
- Not here, and why
-
- Global Gateway is a label on existing instruments, not a money record: the Commission's flagship list gives no amount or stage per project. The flagships are on the map as a layer of their own and on the Global Gateway page, paired by hand with the Commission's and the EIB's records here that name the same works.
- EFSD+ guarantees, the main Global Gateway instrument, have no commitment transaction in the IATI files and leave no record here.
- The member states' agencies (AFD, KfW, Enabel, AICS and the others) are national providers and sit on their own pages where one exists.
- Investment stock: the OECD's FDI positions have no reporter for the Union as such.
- Sources and licences
-
- European Commission, DG INTPA and DG NEAR IATI 2.03 activity files (CC BY 4.0) and European Investment Bank, IATI 2.02 global file (attribution required), as the map's layer.
- OECD, Creditor Reporting System, EU institutions as provider (code 4EU001), activity-level microdata through the SDMX API; OECD terms of use, free reuse with attribution. OECD, DAC2a, net ODA by recipient (measure 206), current prices.
- World Bank, International Debt Statistics, source 6, counterpart areas 919, 975, 918 and 917, series DT.DOD.DPPG.CD with its commitment and disbursement series; CC BY 4.0, release of 3 Dec 2025.
- Download
- Everything on this page, with the layer's aggregates by country, year, sector and institution, the aid aggregates, the two debt series per country and the 150 largest records with their coordinates: eu.json.