France

Where it is on record

Aid is drawn at each country's interior point, sized by seven years of commitments; the CRS carries no coordinates, so a country point is the honest place. AFD's 150 largest infrastructure financings are crosses, where the main map draws them, in its status colours. TotalEnergies' pipelines are drawn as routes, Orange's cables as dotted lines, power units in the map's status colours. Debt owed to France is off until switched on.

The pipelines, power units and cables are the map's own records with a French company among the owners, TotalEnergies' share of a Nigerian or Mozambican line included; the profile does not add records, it filters. Routes that leave the continent are cut at the frame.

AFD's own records: the map's crosses

The Agence française de développement publishes its operations to IATI, one file per country: the project, and under it the financings, each a loan or a grant with its own commitment and disbursements. The map reads the 44 African files and keeps the infrastructure financings by the same DAC codes as the African Development Bank and the World Bank: 394 of them, EUR 10.6 bn committed (USD 11.8 bn), 36% of it paid out so far. Loans are 116 of the records and USD 10.1 bn; the 278 grants add USD 1.8 bn. By money transport comes first, USD 4.05 bn, then energy, USD 4.00 bn; Morocco receives the most, USD 1,632 m over 41 financings.

AFD's files hold signed financings only: 272 under implementation, 122 completed, none announced or cancelled. The agency files its policy loans as project aid, so the map leaves out budget support by AFD's own words ("financement budgétaire", "prêt de politique publique"): 10 financings. Each financing carries one unnamed point and no exactness; in every country file one point holds most of them, the agency's office (Dakar serves Senegal, Gambia and Guinea-Bissau), so the 291 financings placed there are drawn at the country's centre and the other 103 where AFD puts them. These are AFD's own records; the CRS below is France's whole report to the OECD, the AFD's loans among them, and the two are never added.

Expertise France: EU contracts it carries out

Expertise France, the public technical-cooperation agency in the AFD group since 2022, publishes no project records of its own. It appears in the map's EU finance layer as the implementer named on 27 European Commission contracts for infrastructure in Africa: 14 countries and 8 regional programmes, started 2019–2026, 24 of them since 2023. The layer counts EUR 171 m, the infrastructure share of contracts worth EUR 267 m in all; 39% of it is paid out. This is the Commission's money, counted on the EU profile and in the map's EU layer; it is shown here for the French agency that carries it out, and never added to France's figures.

Aid activities: OECD Creditor Reporting System

France reports to the OECD at activity level, with 15,171 distinct titles for 39,097 records. The agency's loans to governments and public utilities are the large lines; the foreign ministry's scholarships, the research institutes and the local authorities' decentralised cooperation make up the count. Debt treatments under the Paris Club appear as debt-relief records in the years they are granted.

The purpose codes are the reliable part. The descriptions often name a region or a town (193 records mention one), but the CRS carries no coordinates, so the aid is drawn at country points and kept off the project map.

Records that build something

Purpose codes for transport, energy, water and the facility codes of health and education, plus titles that mention building, renovating or drilling: 5,377 records, USD 15,934 m, over the seven years.

Pipelines, power units and cables with a French owner

The map's energy and connectivity layers carry an owner field; this table is those records filtered for a French company. TotalEnergies is the largest: the East African Crude Oil Pipeline, the Mozambique LNG lines, its Nigerian and Angolan fields' export lines, and solar and wind plants from Egypt to South Africa. EDF's hydro and solar, Engie's wind farms in South Africa and Morocco, Qair's, Voltalia's and Akuo's solar farms, and Meridiam's and Eiffage's concessions follow. Orange sits in the ownership of 15 cables.

Country-year series: investment stock, net aid, debt

Three official series describe French money in Africa one country and one year at a time. The OECD's FDI positions, the Banque de France's figures, give the outward direct-investment stock by partner country: Morocco, then the oil economies and South Africa. The DAC2a table gives net ODA by recipient. The World Bank's debt statistics give what each government owes French creditors: the agency's loans and the old claims the Paris Club has not yet treated, and loans from French banks.

Direct-investment stock by partner country

Net ODA by recipient

Over 2010–2024 net ODA from France to Africa came to USD 49.86 bn; Morocco received the most.

Debt owed to France

World Bank International Debt Statistics, counterpart 004: all public and publicly guaranteed debt to creditors there, the state and its banks together (series DPPG, as on the debt page), with the bilateral official part beside it. Sovereign and sovereign-guaranteed borrowing only; Proparco's lending to companies and Bpifrance's export credits to private borrowers are outside the series.

How to read this page

One record is

In the AFD table and the crosses, one AFD financing, a loan or a grant under a project, as the map carries it. In the Expertise France table, one European Commission contract from the map's EU layer. In the aid tables, one CRS activity as France reports it. In the energy table, one GEM power unit, one pipeline (its segments counted) or one cable, as the map carries them. In the series, one country and one year.

Status

AFD financings, GEM and TeleGeography records use the map's own mapping: IATI status 2 is under construction, 3 and 4 operating. Aid activities have no status.

Money

AFD's commitments are in euros as it publishes them, converted to dollars at the map's stated rate, the infrastructure share of each financing by its own sector percentages. CRS commitments and disbursements are in current US dollars as reported. Net ODA is current prices. FDI stock is the OECD's net position, all resident units, immediate counterpart. Debt is the World Bank's public and publicly guaranteed stock owed to the lender's creditors, the state and its banks together, as the debt page counts it, with the bilateral official part, the state's own claims, beside it. None of these is a project value and none is added to the map's lenders.

Location

AFD financings are drawn where the main map draws them: the point AFD gives, or the country's interior point where that point is the agency's office. Aid and the series are drawn at the country's interior point. Pipelines and cables are the map's routes, thinned; power units carry GEM's coordinates.

Not here, and why

• Proparco, AFD's private-sector arm, has no publisher entry on the IATI Registry, so its loans to companies are not here; AFD's multi-country file, which mixes African and other recipients, is left out. The crosses are AFD's country files only, infrastructure only.
• Bpifrance export credits have no project register. Expertise France publishes no project file of its own; the EU contracts it carries out are listed above, from the map's EU layer. The decentralised cooperation of the regions appears only as CRS records.
• Oil and gas fields with French operators are in GEM's extraction tracker, released through a request form only; the pipelines are the open part.

Sources and licences

• OECD, Creditor Reporting System, France as provider (DAC code 4), activity-level microdata through the SDMX API; OECD terms of use, free reuse with attribution. OECD, DAC2a, net ODA by recipient (measure 206), current prices. OECD, FDI positions by partner country (BMD4), France outward.
• Agence française de développement, IATI 2.03 activity files, 44 African country files, published on data.gouv.fr ("Données de l'aide au développement de l'AFD"); Licence Ouverte / Open Licence (Etalab).
• World Bank, International Debt Statistics, source 6, counterpart area 004; CC BY 4.0, release of 3 Dec 2025.
• Global Energy Monitor, Global Integrated Power Tracker and Global Gas and Oil Infrastructure Trackers, as the map draws them; CC BY 4.0. TeleGeography, Submarine Cable Map; CC BY-SA 4.0.

Download

Everything on this page, with the AFD aggregates and its 150 largest financings, the aid aggregates by country, year, purpose and agency, the series per country and the filtered energy records: france.json.