India
40 African governments owed money to Indian creditors at the end of 2024: of the lending countries only China, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia reach more.
- USD 4.56 bn
- owed to Indian creditors by 40 African governments at the end of 2024, USD 4.54 bn of it to the Indian state
- 203
- signed lines of credit to African borrowers, approved from 2002–03 on, USD 9.8 bn, by the Exim Bank's own count
- 22
- works financed by Indian credit in 15 countries, read from public sources: 14 running, 5 being built, 2 stalled
- 23 + 19
- power units and oil, gas and mining records with an Indian owner in the map's layers, and 13 cables
Yet India reports its lending to neither the OECD nor IATI, and the one complete list of its credit lines, the Export-Import Bank of India's, may not be republished. This page holds what can be shown: what each government owes, year by year, from the World Bank's debt statistics; the bank's own headline count, cited and not copied; 22 works financed by Indian credit, read one by one from the Ministry of External Affairs' country briefs and the press; and the Indian companies in the map's own layers.
The record is one of state credit. Of the USD 4.56 bn owed at the end of 2024, USD 4.54 bn is owed to the Indian state itself, through lines of credit the Exim Bank extends on the government's behalf; the stock has grown from USD 0.18 bn in 2000 and USD 2.81 bn in 2014. Where public sources say what the lines bought, it is power plants, water mains, transmission lines, sugar factories and a light railway, most of them finished and running. New money has slowed: since April 2020 the bank has approved 38 lines to African borrowers, and 30 of them defer debts already owed rather than finance anything new.
World Bank International Debt Statistics to 2024, release of 3 Dec 2025, fetched 1 Nov 2026 · Exim Bank list of signed lines updated 30 Sep 2026, read 31 Oct 2026 · register sources read 31 Oct 2026 and 1 Nov 2026 · Global Energy Monitor and TeleGeography as on the map