BuildMap.org Africa
Join the waitlist us
Country profile · Mozambique

Mozambique: who it owes, who lends, who builds

Mozambique's government owes USD 9.2 bn abroad to 31 foreign creditors and must pay them USD 6.4 bn, principal and interest, by 2032.

USD 9.2 bn
owed abroad by the state at the end of 2024, 17th of 50 African governments; World Bank (IDA) holds 32%
USD 6.4 bn
due to its creditors 2025–2032, principal and interest as scheduled; the heaviest in the World Bank's schedule is 2031 (USD 1.5 bn)
USD 2.8 bn
of net aid in 2024 from 61 donors; the largest, United States (USD 761 m)
16.5 Mt
a year of LNG export capacity being built, beside 3.4 Mt operating (Global Energy Monitor)

World Bank (IDA) is the largest creditor. Counting what its companies borrowed, the country owed USD 69.8 bn abroad at the end of 2024, 351% of national income in the World Bank's count; the IMF counts it differently, as the debt section explains. Underneath sit 108 projects in Global Energy Monitor's trackers and 241 lenders' records, and the companies and lenders behind each.

Debt from the World Bank's International Debt Statistics, updated 3 Dec 2025 · aid from the OECD, fetched 4 Nov 2026 · projects from Global Energy Monitor and the lenders' own files, as on the map, built 2 Nov 2026 · register compiled 4 Nov 2026

TanzaniaW. SaharaDem. Rep. CongoSomaliaKenyaSudanChadSouth AfricaLesothoZimbabweBotswanaNamibiaSenegalMaliMauritaniaBeninNigerNigeriaCameroonTogoGhanaCôte d'IvoireGuineaGuinea-BissauLiberiaSierra LeoneBurkina FasoCentral African Rep.CongoGabonEq. GuineaZambiaMalawieSwatiniAngolaBurundiMadagascarGambiaTunisiaAlgeriaEritreaMoroccoEgyptLibyaEthiopiaDjiboutiSomalilandUgandaRwandaS. SudanMozambique: USD 9.2 bn owed abroad by the state, 2024
17th of 50African governments by what they owe abroad: USD 9.2 bn at the end of 2024, 32% of it to the World Bank (IDA) (World Bank IDS)

The brief

Ten numbers that sum up Mozambique's position: what the state owes and when it must pay, what the country owes with its companies, who gives, and what is being built. Each figure opens the section that explains it.

  1. USD 9.2 bnowed abroad by the state at the end of 2024, 17th of 50 African governments in the World Bank's count. It more than doubled in 5 years, from USD 4.5 bn in 2012 to USD 10.5 bn in 2017.
  2. 32%of it is owed to the World Bank (IDA), the largest creditor; China is second with USD 1.4 bn (16%), and bondholders hold USD 900 m.
  3. USD 6.4 bndue to creditors from 2025 to 2032, principal and interest as scheduled at the end of 2024; the World Bank's schedule peaks in 2031 at USD 1.5 bn.
  4. 351%of national income: the whole external debt, USD 69.8 bn with companies' borrowing, USD 58.3 bn of which (84%) no public body guarantees. Debt service took 47% of export earnings in 2024.
  5. 91%of GDP: public debt, domestic and external, in 2025 by the IMF's estimate, up from 89.9% in 2024. (IMF Press Release No. 26/52)
  6. 1.3%of GDP in unpaid debt service at the end of 2025, enough for the IMF and the World Bank to rate the public debt in distress; they judge it unsustainable under current policies. (IMF Country Report No. 26/45)
  7. USD 8.1 bnof goods exported in 2025, against USD 9.2 bn imported (World Bank). Natural gas and LNG, coal and coke and aluminium made 65% of exports in 2024; India, China and Singapore bought the most (BACI).
  8. USD 2.8 bnof net aid in 2024; the United States gave USD 761 m (28%), the International Development Association USD 718 m. Fresher figures, from what donors publish to IATI, show the United States' payments fell: USD 812 m in 2024, USD 630 m in 2025 and USD 262 m so far in 2026.
  9. 16.5 Mta year of LNG export capacity under construction in Global Energy Monitor's tracker, beside 3.4 Mt operating and 18 Mt announced.
  10. 241lenders' projects on the map, counting USD 12.7 bn; the largest single record is the African Development Bank's USD 801 m for Mozambique LNG Area 1.